Database
 

Thresholds Database > Lake eutrophication, Shagawa Lake, Minnesota, USA

Certainty of shift: Demonstrated
Location: North America, USA, Minnesota, Shagawa Lake
System Type: Social-Ecological
Regime Shift Category: 4a
Ecosystem Type
Lake
Spatial Scale
Landscape/Local
Type of Resource Use
Fisheries
Number of Possible Regimes
2
Ecosystem Service
Fishing, recreation, conservation
Time Scale of Change
Unknown
Resource Users
 
Reversibility of Shift
Irreversible

Background

Shagawa Lake is a small, shallow, glacial lake.

Alternate Regimes

1. Clear water

2. Eutrophic water

Fast or Dependent Variable(s)
Plant and fish species composition, level of oxygen in the water
Slow or Independent Variable(s)
Phosphorus in the sediments
Disturbance or Threshold Trigger(s)
Nutrient input from sewage effluent
External / Internal Trigger
External

Mechanism

Phosphorus from the sewage effluent has entered the water and is stored in the sediments. The clear water has become eutrophic, with an associated reduction in species composition.

Management Decisions in Each Regime

State 1 Municipal wastewater, including sewage effluent, has been discharged into Lake Shagawa from the nearby town of Ely (Population about 5,000), since the late 1800's. Phosphorus from this waste is held in the sediments; its concentration in the water increasing during the summer months.



State 2: In 1973, a tertiary wastewater treatment plant was built, reducing all external sources of phosphorus by 80%. The reduction of external phosphorus input had not reversed the anaerobic conditions by 1981, due to the internal loading of phosphorus in the sediments.

Contact
Jacqui Meyers

Email
jacqui.meyers@csiro.au

CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems,
PO Box 284,
Canberra ACT 2601

Keywords
Pollution, biomanipulation, empirical data, model, eutrophication, water management, water quality, water resources

References

Larsen, D. P., D. W. Schultz, and K. W. Malueg. 1981. Summer Internal Phosphorus Supplies in Shagawa Lake, Minnesota. 740-753. (E)

Carpenter, S. R., D. Ludwig, and W. A. Brock. 1999. Management of Eutrophication for Lakes Subject to Potentially Irreversible Change. Ecological Applications 9, no. 3: 751-71. (M)